Contents

• Introduction
• The C Program
  • The Minimum C Program
  • A more useful minimal C program
  • Creating, Compiling and Running Your Program
    • Creating the program
    • Compilation
    • Running the program
  • The C Compilation Model
    • The Preprocessor
    • C Compiler
    • Assembler
    • Link Editor
    • Using Libraries
  • Characteristics of C
  • History of C
  • Exercises
• Basic C Programming
  • C Program Structure
  • Variables
    • Defining Global Variables
    • Printing Out and Inputting Variables
  • Arithmetic Operations
  • Comparison Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Order of Precedence
  • Exercises
• Conditionals
  • The if statement
  • The ? operator
  • The switch statement
  • Exercises
• Looping and Iteration
  • The for statement
  • The while statement
  • The do-while statement
  • break and continue
  • Exercises
• Arrays
  • Single and Multi-dimensional Arrays
  • Strings
  • Exercises
• Functions
  • void functions
  • Functions and Arrays
  • Function Prototyping
  • Exercises
• Further Data Types
  • Structures
    • Defining New Data Types
  • Unions
  • Coercion or Type-Casting
  • Enumerated Types
  • Static Variables
  • Exercises
• Common Mistakes in C
  • Assignment (=) vs Comparison (==)
  • Passing pointer address
  • Missing () of a function
  • Array indices
  • Character arrays and pointers
  • C is Case Sensitive
  • Semicolons end every statement
• Pointers
  • What is a Pointer?
  • Pointer and Functions
  • Pointers and Arrays
  • Arrays of Pointers
  • Multidimensional arrays and pointers
  • Static Initialisation of Pointer Arrays
  • Pointers and Structures
  • Common Pointer Pitfalls
    • Not assigning a pointer to memory address before using it
    • Illegal indirection
  • Exercises
• Dynamic Memory Allocation
  • Malloc
  • Linked Lists
  • Exercises
• Input and Output (I/O)
  • Streams
    • Predefined Streams
      • Redirection
  • Basic I/O
  • Formatted I/O
    • Printf
  • scanf
  • Files
    • Reading and writing FILES
  • sprintf and sscanf
  • Command line input
  • Low Level I/O
  • Exercises
• Low Level Operators
  • Bitwise Operators
  • Bit Fields
  • Exercises
• The C Preprocessor
  • #define
  • #undef
  • #include
  • #if - Conditional inclusion
  • Exercises
• Writing Larger Programs
  • Header files
  • External variables and functions
    • Scope of externals
  • The Make Utility
  • Make Programming
  • Creating a makefile
  • Make macros
  • Running Make
• UNIX and C
  • Advantages of using UNIX with C
  • Using UNIX System Calls and Library Functions
  • File and Directory Manipulation
    • Directory handling functions
    • File Manipulation Routines
    • errno
  • Process Control and Management
    • Running UNIX Commands from C
      • execl()
      • fork()
      • wait()
      • exit()
    • Piping in a C program
      • popen() - Formatted Piping
      • pipe() - Low level Piping
    • Interrupts and Signals
      • Sending Signals - kill()
      • Receiving signals - signal()
  • Times Up!!
  • Exercises
• Ceilidh - On Line C Tutoring System
  • Why Use CEILIDH ?
  • Introduction
  • Using Ceilidh as a Student
    • The course and unit level
    • The exercise level
    • Interpreted language exercises
    • Question/answer exercises
  • The command line interface (TEXT CEILIDH ONLY)
    • Advantages of the command line interface
    • General points
  • Conclusions
  • How Ceilidh works, Ceilidh Course Notes, User Guides etc.
  • References
• Common C Compiler Options
  • Compiler Options
• C Standard Library Functions
  • Buffer Manipulation
  • Character Classification and Conversion
  • Data Conversion
  • Directory Manipulation
  • File Manipulation
  • Input and Output
    • Stream 1/0
    • Low level I/O
  • Mathematics
  • Memory Allocation
  • Process Control
  • Searching and Sorting
  • String Manipulation
  • Time
• Program Listings
• Using Dec Workstations and Unix
• About this document ...